Types of standards

For this framework understanding standards is essential, as this knowledge provides the foundation for effectively implementing best practices, and achieving strategic business objectives in a dynamic landscape.

In essence, standards are specifications and criteria for materials, products, processes, and services. They form the backbone of reliable quality, smooth collaboration, and trusted outcomes across industries and regions. To fully grasp the concept of standards, we need to understand how it is defined. One of many defintions comes from the World Trade Organization, and going forward this is the one we will refer to. They define a standard as a:

“document approved by a recognized body, that provides for common and repeated use, rules, guidelines or characteristics for products, or related processes and production methods, with which compliance is not mandatory”.

Different types of standards

It is also good to recognize that many organizations regularly work on creating standards, each with varying levels of importance and scope. Here are some common types of standards you may encounter:

International Standards
Developed by global organizations and intended for worldwide adoption.

Regional/National Standards
Specific to certain geographical areas or economic regions.

Industry/Consortia Standards
Tailored to specific industries or sectors.

Corporate Standards
Developed internally within an organizations.

De Facto Standards
Established through widespread use and acceptance rather than approval.

Key characteristics

Building on the WTO definition of standards, it is vital to delve into the key considerations that organizations must keep in mind when selecting a standard. Understanding some of these characteristics helps ensure that the chosen standard aligns with organizational goals and provides lasting value.

Voluntary or Mandatory
While many standards are voluntary, some become mandatory when adopted by regulatory bodies.

Consensus-Based
Developed through consensus among various stakeholders to ensure broad acceptance.

Evolving Documents
Regularly reviewed and updated to reflect advancements and market needs.

Open or Proprietary
Open standards are available for anyone to study, use, and influence, whereas proprietary standards are restricted.

However, these are just some of the characteristics that need to be considered when selecting a standard. While many standards are excellent, there are also poor-quality ones that fail to deliver value. This report highlights open standards that are globally applicable, adhere to the WTO’s fundamental principles of Good Standardization Practice, and provide tangible benefits throughout their lifecycle for organizations adopting them. This knowledge can prevent lock-in effects, market dominance, and other unfair advantages.

The principles of good standardization practices (GSP) are designed to ensure that standard-setting organizations adhere to best practices for creating and publishing standards. The principles focuses on transparency, openness, impartiality and consensus, effectiveness and relevance, coherence, development dimension, stakeholder engagement, and due process.